It will either spit back whatever it has as The Translation for the source text (in its collective memory), or it is going to use its algorithms to aggregate what it thinks is the safest translation, which I suspect will either be a 0 or a +2 (in that range). (LogOut/ Ron Shapiro (2000: 41) sums up the pejorative attitude, prevalent in particular amongst postcolonial scholars, with acerbic cynicism: To speak of the exotic [] is to condone all manner of European imperialisms and colonialisms, and to deliberately condemn the so-called sub-altern to continued misery. Yet he is actually one of the relatively few defendants of exoticism and argues that exoticism is not necessarily false and evil (42) but has a rightful place as an imaginary construction of the Other, or indeed the Self as Other, because politics and the imagination need to be kept separate. Set in ninth-century China during the tail end of the Tang Dynasty, it tells the story of Nie Yinniang, a female assassin who is commissioned to kill a series of government officials. exoticism | translation to Mandarin Chinese: Cambridge Dict. It also applies to the various mechanisms of transnational film funding and co-production, circulation and distribution, since the selection procedures involved tend to privilege a particular type of global art cinema that promises to appeal to (metropolitan) cinephiles (cf. I knew there was some discretion in translating and it was more of an art than a science, but I didnt realize how much discretion is involved. Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts. (PDF) Social and Cultural Barriers in Translation - ResearchGate International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Persian Art and the Crafting of Polish Identity. The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses. Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism. London and New York: Routledge. phil., Royal Holloway. Museum Rietberg. exoticism in American English. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267. by Erik Hinterding and Jaco Rutgers, Rubens and the bird of paradise. 1. Translation Studies 4 (1), pp. In: Goethezeitportal [http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf]. London and New York: Routledge. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. The Presence, Influence and Collection of Seventeenth-Century Netherlandish Art in Hungary, Bibliography to Sehnsucht Persien/The Fascination of Persia. ." Loosely plotted around one of Disneylands hoariest theme-park rides (which, even after recent updates, still teems with faux savagery and denatured, Her affinity for combining chinoiserie, Moghul-style flowers, and Provenal accents surfaces subtly, giving the rooms a whiff of, Bhutan has often been ranked as one of the worlds happiest countries, and WeCroak seems to be trading on a casual, Puertas assemblages, with their fake tropical greenery, faux fur, lace, rhinestones and sexualized forms, represent the, There's no trace of her Asian background or even the, For decades, Bollywood movies, at least when they were released here, had an undeniable, The earliest pictures here, dating from the 19th century and taken of Indigenous North Americans by non-Native photographers, emphasize. While world cinema includes popular genre films like Bollywood and Nollywood melodrama or Hong Kong action films, global art cinema does not. What is "exoticism" in translation ? | John4german's Blog The foreignizing method of translating, a strategy Venuti also termed ' resistancy ' , is a non-fluent or estranging translation style designed to make visible the persistence of translator by highlighting the foreign identity of ST and protecting it from the ideological dominance of the target culture. The term exoticism describes a cultural phenomenon that projects Western fantasies about profound cultural differences. London: I. New York: Columbia University Press. Nagib, Lcia (2020). Homi Bhabha and subsequent scholars of hybridity and the encounters between subaltern and dominant cultures, therefore, make every effort to draw attention to exoticisms parodic dimension in order to empower and render eloquent its latent subversion of oppressive and exploitative fantasies. Although world cinema inevitably reflects the look from the outside and therefore anticipates what the transnational critic/festival jury/spectator wants to see, and although exoticism is an appropriate aesthetic strategy to fulfil these expectations, I am not suggesting that exoticism is the only or dominant mode of representation in world cinema. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. Definition of exoticism in the Definitions.net dictionary. What does exoticism mean? In my last blog entry, I used the term exoticism. The cultural translation of world cinema corresponds with the de- and recontextualization of the exotic, whose alluring alterity only manifests itself when it is perceived by someone belonging to a different cultural sphere. You can subscribe via RSS 2.0 feed to this post's comments. ." Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng (1997). Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland What particular qualities do films as diverse as Raise the Red Lantern, LOdeur de la papaye verte (The Scent of Green Papaya, Trn Anh Hng, France/Vietnam, 1993), Como agua para chocolate (Like Water for Chocolate, Alfonso Arau, Mexico, 1992), Fa yeung nin wa (In the Mood for Love, Wong Kar-wai, Hong Kong/China, 2000), Three Seasons (Tony Bui, Vietnam/USA, 2000), Water (Deepa Mehta, Canada/India, 2007), The Assassin, Tanna (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, Australia/Vanuatu, 2015) and El abrazo de la serpiente (Embrace of the Serpent, Ciro Guerra, Columbia/Venezuela/Argentina, 2015) possess to elicit the exotic gaze in the spectator? Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, the article proposes that exoticism is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. This is why I also think that Google Translate is not a perfect solution for translation at a professional level. The translations of exoticism from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word exoticism in English. Exotism Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster 2004 (1994). When the concepts and structure of the source text can be easily translated into the target language, direct translation techniques are usually used. 65: Arts of Display. Such easily affordable, popular publications, in their turn, further reduced cultural otherness to a matter of costume, which, among other things, suggested that supposedly primitive natives of, for example, Australia could be forced to abjure their traditional identity merely by donning the clothes of a European gentleman. Rembrandt and the Dutch Golden Age (exh. Questions addressed include: Did Rembrandt really hire Van Vliet as his printmaker, like Rubens hired Vorster-man, Pontius and others? These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. exoticism - English definition, grammar, pronunciation, synonyms and This is, however, not to say that all exotic films substitute glossy surfaces for deep meaning, thereby effectively compensating for the hermeneutic deficit that may arise when world cinema travels. The most critically acclaimed examples of global art cinema demonstrate that an aesthetics of sensuous indulgence, which combines visual pleasure with haptic visuality, effectively compensates for the hermeneutic deficit that occurs when films are watched across borders. Direct translation techniques. Yet for all its prodigious beauty, the films plot has ultimately remained obscure and impenetrable to all but the initiated (Bradshaw, 2016). To save this word, you'll need to log in. Una experiencia donde el exotismo y la pasin hablan el mismo lenguaje. Whereas the agency implied in the act of seeing is a form of power, being looked at is disempowering (a point also made by Laura Mulvey (1975) in her seminal essay on visual pleasure and the gendered scopic regimes of classical Hollywood cinema). endobj Similarly, exoticism, though a prevalent interpretative model in the transnational reception of world cinema, competes with other ones, such as those which, indebted to Fredric Jamesons influential but controversial essay Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism (1986), conceive of world cinema in terms of national (or political) allegory. Encounters with Cultural Difference: Cosmopolitanism and Exoticism in Tanna (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, 2015) and Embrace of the Serpent (Ciro Guerra, 2015). Performing Exoticism and the Transnational Reception of World - Brill not native within the linguistic boundaries of the community adopting it. Arguably the most dynamic site of cultural translation is the film festival circuit since it is here where the first contact in this cross-cultural encounter usually occurs and where global art cinemas meaning and artistic value is negotiated. The key conception here is the introduction of the exotic from abroad into a domestic economy (Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, 2000: 94). Vanishing Paradise: Art and Exoticism in Colonial Tahiti, Berkeley: University of California Press. Although the dynamics of globalisation have profoundly changed the configurations of Self and Other and challenged the Western ethnographers authority to interpret the signifying systems of supposedly subordinate societies, according to Rey Chow (1995: 177), we still cannot write/think/talk the non-West in the academy without in some sense anthropologizing it. This explains why non-Western filmmakers are often expected to act as native informants and interpreters whose role it is to provide authentic accounts of their cultures of origin. Moreover, its transnational appeal is usually part of a deliberate strategy which non-Western filmmakers deploy to pander to the tastes and expectations of Western critics and audiences. Ruth Fulton Benedict (18871948), originator of the configurational approach to culture, was a mature woman when she en, Culture areas are geographical territories in which characteristic culture patterns are recognizable through repeated associations of specific traits, Exoteric-Esoteric (Kenmitsu) Buddhism in Japan, Expanded Food Nutrition and Education Program, Expanding Educational Opportunities for the Masses, https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, Transculturation and Religion: An Overview. What is Calque (or Loan Translation) | BLEND Blog Delivered to your inbox! These features jointly contribute to the films impenetrability which, in turn, engenders a sense of enigma that amplifies its exotic allure by confirming the belief that the Other can never be fully fathomed. Papastergiadis, Nikos (2011). 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. In fact, Nichols compares the festivalgoers experience with that of an anthropological fieldworker (and tourist), who becomes submerged in an experience of difference, entering strange worlds, hearing unfamiliar languages, witnessing unusual styles (Nichols, 1994: 17). By contrast, Western audiences and critics were enthralled by this exotic spectacle which Zhang masterfully manufactured for the pleasure and gaze of the Western viewer (Lu, 1997: 126). To be sure, in addition to their visual allure, the exoticism of Raise the Red Lantern and several other of Zhangs films also rests on established narrative tropes, notably that of the exotic-erotic-enigmatic Asian woman, frequently represented as a concubine, geisha, prostitute or simply the suffering wife of a much older oppressive husband. In: Isabel, Santaolalla, ed., New Exoticisms: Changing Patterns in the Construction of Otherness. Translated and edited by Yal, Rachel Schlick. (USA/India/France/UK, 1988) and Monsoon Wedding (USA/India/Italy/Germany/France/UK, 2001) blend a documentary realist aesthetic (in the street scenes) with the exotic spectacle of vibrant colours (inside the Bombay brothel and at the Hindu wedding) and other exotic visual and narrative tropes, such as Indian poverty. The Persian-European Dialogue in Seventeenth-Century Art & Contemporary Art of Teheran, Rembrandt and everyday life: the fusion of genre and history, in Arthur J. DiFuria, ed., Genre Imagery in Early Modern Northern Europe: New Perspectives, London and New York: Routledge: An Ashgate Book, 2016, 161-182. Rubensbulletin V (2014), pp. Introduction: The Impurity of Art Cinema. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. Hou Hsiao-hsiens first foray into the wuxia genre, The Assassin, deftly illustrates this. the quality of being exotic; "he loved the exoticism of Egypt". Meaning of exoticism in English exoticism noun [ U ] us / z.t.s.z m / uk / zt..s.z m / the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country: the exoticism of the East SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Exceptional qualities, things and people Such translations may have a great impact on target language readers because of their foreign and exotic ideas. endobj The attempt by the age of Enlightenment to study and describe the vast number of different peoples of this earth was thus soon reduced to a mere interest in costume and other extrinsic markers of otherness, which were eagerly displayed in the European homelands. Dynamic pace and action are replaced by an eerie stillness and languorous observational distance. The Assassin: Cannes Review. The mobility of early modern people, ideas and things, and the networks they created and relied on, facilitated flows of material and immaterial interactions. However, the limited scope of this essay and its focus on developing a model of transnational reception precluded me from pursuing these other lines of argument. Find a translation for the exoticism definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - (Chinese - Simplified) (Chinese - Traditional) Espaol (Spanish) Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, 14, pp. Lutz Bassmann went first and kept his mouth shut the whole time. Tracing global and local aspects of design as it appears in idealized representations and in early modern Dutch historical objects, I argue that embodied experiences play key roles in the domestication of goods from overseas. The fashionable Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, for example, had her portrait painted in a Turkish costume; the dissemination of stereotypes about the supposedly effeminate Orientals allowed her to appropriate the male garment of the turban without this being viewed as an act of cross-dressing. The Family Romance of Orientalism: From Madame Butterfly to Indochine. 285-304. Huggan, Graham (2001). The fact that Tanna as well as Embrace of the Serpent, which is set in the Amazon, were made in collaboration with Indigenous communities, who are credited with being the chief creative impetus and co-creators of these films, makes them not only politically correct but, arguably, also examples of self-exoticisation. Close-ups of sizzling pans, steam rising from pots, the mixing of colourful herbs and spices seduce the spectator to experience with all of their senses the pleasures of Vietnamese, Taiwanese, Mexican or Indian cuisine and not just that but a whole way of life that inverts the current cultural terms of food preparation and consumption by returning anachronistically to an era before mass production in which we imagine that the food we eat is not only home-cooked but also reflects an emotional commitment of nurture and care, family values perceived to be rapidly disappearing in the West (Negra, 2002: 64) (Figure 2). In other words, the transnational dimension inherent in the concept of world cinema is constituted in the process of reception, as a film moves outside its own national sphere into another one. When I was studying at university in Germany (Germersheim), my professors often emphasized this point. Another Examples of Exoticism Exoticism in Translation International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. However, to pursue this line of argument any further here is beyond the purview of my inquiry into the aesthetic characteristics of the exoticist paradigm. You can comment below, or link to this permanent URL from your own site. Translating (human) gender German, Spanish, Hebrew, Arabic and Russian are just a handful of the many languages which have rich grammatical gender. This is assessed in light of criticism of his approach from other translation . Vermeers Robe: Costume, Commerce, and Fantasy in the Early Modern Netherlands. Dutch Crossing 35 (2011), 17795. Rousseau, George, and Roy Porter. The Five Concepts Of Cultural Transposition | ipl.org Leiden circa 1630: Rembrandt Emerges, (Agnes Ethering Art Centre, Kingston ON; Art Gallery of Alberta, Edmonton AB; MacKenzie Gallery, Regina SK; Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton ON; Vereniging van Nederlandse Kunsthistorici, Saul in Story and Tradition (Series Forschungen Zum Alten Testament), Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art vol. Taxonomy of a Translation Thank you! Translated texts using exoticism often use cultural and grammatical aspects taken straight from source texts. Mark Lee Pin Bins cinematography has been praised for its matchless compositional artistry (Bradshaw, 2016) and Wen-Ying Huangs production design for the visual extravagance of Oriental fantasies illuminated by brightly colored silk robes [] and sensual atmosphere (Young, 2015) (Figure 3). FRAGMENTARY INVENTORY OF DECEASED DISSIDENTS. In cinema, Robert Flahertys ethnographic documentary Moana (USA, 1926) and Friedrich W. Murnaus feature film Tabu: A Story of the South Seas (USA, 1931) have established the South Sea film genre that continues to determine the exotic iconography of contemporary films set in this region. Translation Techniques - The Reason Why Human Translators Still Exist Eine historische Vergegenwrtigung. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. For instance, if I were translating the classic VW advertising text from the early 1990s, I might leave the German term for the joy of driving in German: Fahrvergngen. She regards fiction films such as Chen Kaiges Huang tu di (Yellow Earth, China, 1984) and Zhang Yimous award-winning Ju Dou (China/Japan, 1990) and Dahong Denglong Gaogao gua (Raise the Red Lantern, China/Hong Kong/Taiwan, 1991) as a new type of ethnography practiced by those who were previously ethnographized and who have, in the postcolonial age, taken up the active task of ethnographizing their own cultures (Chow, 1995: 180). The widowed Mr Chu prepares elaborate banquets for his three daughters in Eat Drink Man Woman. It experienced its first boom during the age of Enlightenment, when the establishment of trade routes began to supply Europe with such vast quantities of exotic goods that the purchase of luxury goods, including china, silk, perfumes, and precious stones, became affordable by the increasingly wealthy middle classes. The Hollywood Reporter, Performing Exoticism, Autoethnography and Cultural Translation, http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/raise-the-red-lantern-1992, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267, https://doi.org/10.1163/26659891-01020001. "Post-Exoticism in Ten Lessons: Lesson Eleven" by Antoine Volodine [A Katrien Lichtert, Christopher D M Atkins, Erik Verroken, Anne-Laure Van Bruaene, Angela Jager, Martine Vanwelden. Mitigating gender bias in machine translation: adapt, then correct Department of Media Arts, Royal Holloway, Encounters with Cultural Difference: Cosmopolitanism and Exoticism in, (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, 2015) and, Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, Goethes Idee der Weltliteratur. London and New York: Routledge. New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, pp. The Assassin Review Captivatingly Hypnotic, If Impenetrable, Wuxia Tale. The Location of Culture. Was Van Vliet involved in some of Rembrandt's own etchings? Spaces set aside for expatriate consumption in international four- and five-star hotel chains (such as the Safari Bar in the Hyatt in Muscat, Oman) promise a sanitized encounter with a non-European subject that guarantees the absence of emotional involvement. 202-233. The exotic first emerged as a concept in Western history when European nations began to explore and appropriate far-flung parts of the world. I will explore how non-Western filmmakers, variously referred to as world cinema, postcolonial and diasporic, exoticise their own cultures, thereby enhancing the transnational appeal of their films. Most critics in the West denounce exotic cinema and its commodification of cultural difference as unethical and exploitative. Although this article examines how some contemporary world cinema filmmakers exoticise their own cultures, world cinema also exoticises other cultures. The study of world cinema is one of the most vibrant and fastest growing areas in film studies. One had to make a decision to be loyal to the author of the text, or to be loyal to the reader. The translation of items (words and phrases) which are specific to one culture from a Source Language expressing that culture (the Source Culture) into a Target Language expressing another. 1229. Their purpose is to show the exotic nature of the text. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. In: Lcia, Nagib, Chris, Perriam and Rajinder, Dudrah, eds., Theorizing World Cinema. a person, an institution, an animal, a plant etc.)
exoticism in translation
